Jointace Collagen

Glucosamine is an amino sugar (aminomonosaccharide) that occurs naturally in the body as a building block within certain connective-tissue structures. In food supplements it is most commonly used as glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine hydrochloride, often stabilised as a salt with sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and presented as tablets, capsules, powders, or sachets. The raw material may be sourced from marine materials (e.g., crustacean shells) or produced via microbial fermentation, depending on the manufacturer and purity specifications. On labels it may also appear as “glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride” or “glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride”, which describe stabilised sulfate forms. In cosmetics, glucosamine-related derivatives may be used as functional ingredients in water-based formulas, while supplements typically focus on oral dose forms. Products frequently combine it with other ingredients from the same category, such as chondroitin, and declare the amount either as the salt form or as a glucosamine equivalent.

Antioxidant mineral; supports immunity and the health of hair and nails.

Essential mineral for immunity, wound healing, and the health of skin, hair, and nails.

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan, meaning a long polysaccharide built from repeating disaccharide units, naturally present in connective tissues and especially in cartilage. In food supplements it is most commonly listed as “chondroitin sulfate” or as a sodium salt, supplied as capsules, tablets, powders, or sachets. Traditional raw-material sources include bovine, porcine, avian, and cartilaginous fish cartilage, while some products use chondroitin sulfate made via microbial fermentation followed by sulfation. Composition and molecular weight can vary with the source and purification process, so labels often specify the form and origin. In cosmetics it may appear as a skin-conditioning/humectant ingredient in topical formulas, typically using water-soluble derivatives and low concentrations suited to leave-on or rinse-off products.

Collagen is a family of fibrous proteins naturally present in animal connective tissues and, in consumer products, it is most commonly sourced from bovine, porcine, or marine raw materials. In supplements it is frequently used as hydrolysed collagen, also labelled as “collagen peptides”, where the protein is broken down into smaller peptides to improve solubility and ease of use in powders, capsules, tablets, and ready-to-mix drinks. On labels it may appear as “hydrolyzed collagen” or “collagen peptides”, with the origin sometimes specified as marine, bovine, or porcine. In cosmetics, collagen is typically declared under the INCI name “Hydrolyzed Collagen” and is used in water-based formulas such as serums, creams, and masks, often at modest concentrations alongside humectants and film-forming polymers. As a material, it is a mixture primarily composed of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, with properties influenced by the source and degree of hydrolysis. Because it is protein-based, collagen-containing products can have a characteristic taste or odour, so flavoured options are also common.

Fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.