Results for “Insect protection”

Tribulus terrestris is a herbaceous plant from the Zygophyllaceae family, widely known in botanical literature as “puncture vine”, with product uses typically involving the fruit, aerial parts, and root. In food supplements it is most often found as a plant powder or as a dry extract, frequently standardised for steroidal saponins (e.g., furostanol glycosides) and sometimes declared with a percentage of protodioscin, depending on plant part and origin. The chemical profile of extracts can vary markedly with chemotype, extraction method, and standardisation approach, so labels may also specify an extract ratio (e.g., DER) or percentages of defined fractions. In cosmetics it may appear as a botanical extract for topical use, listed under an INCI name that specifies the plant part (for example, a root extract or a fruit/stem extract). In formulations it is commonly combined with other botanicals and carriers such as maltodextrin, while in topical products it may be included in serums, creams, or toners featuring plant extracts.

Antioxidant mineral; supports immunity and the health of hair and nails.

Coenzyme Q10 is a lipophilic benzoquinone (ubiquinone-10) that occurs naturally in human cells and in many foods in small amounts. In food supplements it is typically provided as ubiquinone (the oxidised form) or ubiquinol (the reduced form), commonly dispersed in oils or microencapsulated for softgels, capsules or powders. In cosmetics it is most often declared under the INCI name “Ubiquinone” and is used in emulsions such as face creams, eye-area products, serums and body lotions. As a fat-soluble molecule, it is usually formulated into the oil phase and paired with other formula antioxidants to support stability. On labels it may also appear as “ubidecarenone”, a naming variant used in some markets for the same substance. Cosmetic- and supplement-grade material may be produced by fermentation or synthesis and then standardised for purity.

Lycopene is a lipophilic carotenoid (a naturally occurring red pigment) found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Chemically it is a C40H56 tetraterpene hydrocarbon with many double bonds, occurring as all‑trans and cis isomers. In supplements it is used as isolated lycopene or as a standardised tomato oleoresin/tomato extract, commonly formulated in oil-based softgels to keep it solubilised. On labels it may also appear as “E160d” when used as a food colour. In cosmetics it is used in lipophilic systems such as serums and creams, typically dispersed in the oil phase or encapsulated to improve stability and handling. Industrial sources include tomato-derived extracts and, in some products, lycopene produced from microbial sources or supplied in stabilised forms such as beadlets.

Passionflower commonly refers to Passiflora incarnata L., a climbing plant in the Passifloraceae family; in supplements the aerial parts (herb) are most often used. On labels it may appear as dried cut-and-sifted herb, powdered herb, dry extract, or as a tincture/fluid extract, frequently prepared with water–ethanol mixtures and expressed with an extract ratio (e.g., DER) or as dried-herb equivalent. Extract composition varies with plant part and extraction method, so products may be standardized according to manufacturer specifications. In cosmetics it is used as a botanical extract under its INCI naming, typically supplied in aqueous or hydro-glycolic media for face, body, and hair formulas. It can also be encountered as fruit extract or flower extract depending on the intended profile and the declared INCI. In finished products it is commonly presented as capsules, tablets, tea blends, or dropper liquids for oral use, and as an ingredient in creams, serums, and shampoos.

Horny goat weed refers to several species of the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae) used as a botanical ingredient in food supplements and, less commonly, in cosmetics. In products it is typically present as powdered aerial parts or as a concentrated extract, often standardised to an icariin content (a marker flavonoid), for example 10% or 20%. Because composition varies by species and extraction method, labels may state “Epimedium spp.” or name a specific species such as Epimedium brevicornum, E. sagittatum, or E. grandiflorum. In supplements it is most often supplied in capsules or tablets as a dry extract, sometimes blended with other botanicals. In cosmetics it may appear as a leaf/stem extract under an INCI name, used in water- or hydroglycol-based formulations.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a herbaceous plant from the legume family (Fabaceae), recognised by its pink flower heads. In supplements it is most often used as a botanical extract from the flowering tops or flowers, frequently standardised to its isoflavone content (e.g., biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, genistein). Such extracts appear in capsules, tablets, powders or liquid drops, and may be listed on labels as “Trifolium pratense extract” or as flower/leaf-derived extracts. In cosmetics it is used as a flower or leaf extract declared under its INCI name, and may be supplied in aqueous, glycerinic or hydroalcoholic bases. In topical formulas it is found in serums, creams and scalp or skin products, often as part of multi-botanical blends. The exact composition depends on the plant part, extraction method and the degree of standardisation.

Bifidobacterium refers to a genus of Gram‑positive, anaerobic bacteria that naturally occur in the human and mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In food supplements it is typically present as live cultures identified at species level and often at strain level, shown on labels with a Latin name plus a strain code or number. Because many bifidobacteria are sensitive to oxygen and moisture, common presentations are capsules or powders using protective technologies (e.g., protective matrices or microencapsulation) and the amount is usually expressed as CFU. In cosmetics, the genus name is most often encountered through fermentation-derived materials, such as Bifida Ferment Lysate or related ferment filtrates, which are not necessarily live microorganisms. These fermented materials are used in water-based formulas such as serums and creams as soluble biotech ingredients. In practice, “Bifidobacterium” on an ingredient list may indicate either an oral probiotic culture or a topical ferment derivative, so the exact meaning depends on the form stated on the label.