Results for “Lip care”

Inositol is a six‑carbon polyol (sugar alcohol), chemically a cyclohexanehexol, occurring naturally in the human body and widely in plant foods. It exists as several stereoisomers, with myo‑inositol being the most prevalent form, while D‑chiro‑inositol is less abundant and is used either alone or in defined combinations in supplements. In foods and food supplements, inositol is typically supplied as a soluble powder or as capsules/tablets, most often as myo‑inositol, D‑chiro‑inositol, or as phosphorylated derivatives such as inositol hexaphosphate (IP6/phytate). In cosmetics it appears under the INCI name “INOSITOL” and is used in face, body, and hair formulas, usually at low levels within the water phase. Owing to its strongly hydrophilic character, it is easy to incorporate into serums, creams, toners, and leave‑in hair products. In formulations it may also be present as part of complexes alongside other humectant or conditioning ingredients.

Pumpkin seed oil is a plant oil obtained from the seeds of Cucurbita pepo, typically by cold pressing or by pressing after seed roasting, depending on the production tradition. It is a natural mixture of triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids, commonly dominated by linoleic and oleic acids, alongside smaller unsaponifiable fractions. In food supplements it is found as a neat oil in softgel capsules, or as part of blends with other vegetable oils. In cosmetics it is used as an emollient oil in serums, creams and body products, often refined for stability and a more neutral odour. On cosmetic ingredient lists it most commonly appears under the INCI name “Cucurbita Pepo Seed Oil”. Its colour can range from golden yellow to deep green, depending on the raw material and processing method.

Hyaluronic acid is a high–molecular weight polysaccharide (a glycosaminoglycan) that occurs naturally in connective tissues and body fluids. In cosmetic products it is very often present as the more water‑soluble salt Sodium Hyaluronate, and also as modified forms such as Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid or Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate, selected for molecular weight and skin feel. The raw material is commonly obtained via biotechnological fermentation and supplied as a powder or as an aqueous solution for easy incorporation into formulas. In skincare it is used in serums, creams, masks and eye products, where it contributes to texture and a smooth application sensorial. In food supplements it may appear as hyaluronan or sodium hyaluronate, typically in capsules or tablets, frequently alongside other structural ingredients. Modern formulations often combine multiple molecular weights or crosslinked derivatives (crosspolymers) to fine‑tune viscosity and product stability.

Milk thistle is the plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., best known for its fruits/seeds, which are used to obtain botanical extracts containing a characteristic group of constituents referred to as silymarin (a complex of flavonolignans). In food supplements it is typically used as a seed/fruit extract, often standardised to a declared percentage of silymarin, and presented as capsules, tablets, powders or liquid drops. In cosmetics it may appear as a Silybum marianum extract in aqueous or glycerinic media, or as a lipid-linked derivative/ester designed for oil-based systems. On cosmetic ingredient lists it is usually named using INCI, such as Silybum Marianum Extract or Silybum Marianum Fruit Extract. Extract composition can vary with plant part, extraction method and degree of standardisation, so products carrying the same botanical name are not necessarily comparable. In finished products, milk thistle may be used alone or alongside other botanical extracts and common formulation antioxidants.

Centella asiatica is a herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family, widely used in cosmetics as a source of botanical extracts. In formulations it most often appears as extracts from aerial parts or leaves, declared under INCI names such as Centella Asiatica Extract or Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, alongside other closely related centella-derived entries. Extracts may be prepared in water, glycerin, or other cosmetic solvents and are frequently standardised to characteristic triterpene fractions often referred to in cosmetic literature as “centellosides” (e.g., asiaticoside, madecassoside) or as a titrated extract. In skincare it is incorporated into a range of textures including creams, serums, gels, and emulsions, typically as a botanical component of the water phase or as a solubilised extract. Labels may also list cell-culture derived materials (e.g., callus/meristem cell culture) or leaf water, which remain centella-derived materials from the same botanical source. When used in food supplements, it is generally presented as a plant extract in capsules or powders, with specifications that vary by manufacturer.

Salicylic acid is an aromatic organic acid (2‑hydroxybenzoic acid) that occurs naturally in some plants and is widely used as a functional cosmetic ingredient. In formulations it appears as a crystalline powder and is typically incorporated via suitable phases/solvent systems, used either as the free acid or as salicylate salts (e.g., sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, TEA‑salicylate). In skincare it is found in both leave‑on and rinse‑off products such as gels, serums, toners, creams, and cleansers, where the level is commonly expressed as “acid” (salicylic‑acid equivalent). In haircare it can be present in shampoos and scalp products. In some formulations it may also be used as a preservative, under specific regulatory conditions. pH selection and solubilisation strategy are part of the formulation design to keep the ingredient stable and compatible with other components.

L-carnitine is a quaternary amino-acid derivative, chemically described as β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylaminobutyric acid, naturally present in the human body and in foods, especially those of animal origin. In supplements it is commonly used as free-form L-carnitine or as salts/esters that supply L-carnitine, such as L-carnitine L-tartrate, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. These forms appear in capsules, tablets, powders, or liquids, with serving amounts varying widely depending on the formula. In cosmetics it may be included as a functional ingredient in leave-on or rinse-off products, typically at low concentrations and declared on the INCI list. On labels it can also appear as “carnitine” or under the specific form name, clearly indicating the source of the active substance. As a raw material it is typically offered with standardized purity and is often used in blended formulas alongside other amino acids, vitamins, or other supplement ingredients.