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Approved claims
Lycopene is a lipophilic carotenoid (a naturally occurring red pigment) found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Chemically it is a C40H56 tetraterpene hydrocarbon with many double bonds, occurring as all‑trans and cis isomers. In supplements it is used as isolated lycopene or as a standardised tomato oleoresin/tomato extract, commonly formulated in oil-based softgels to keep it solubilised. On labels it may also appear as “E160d” when used as a food colour. In cosmetics it is used in lipophilic systems such as serums and creams, typically dispersed in the oil phase or encapsulated to improve stability and handling. Industrial sources include tomato-derived extracts and, in some products, lycopene produced from microbial sources or supplied in stabilised forms such as beadlets.
Approved claims
Fennel seed refers to the dried fruits (often called “seeds”) of the aromatic plant Foeniculum vulgare, naturally rich in essential oil and characteristic aroma compounds typical of the Apiaceae family. In supplements it is used as ground seed, powder, standardised extract, or tincture, with profiles that vary by variety and extraction method. In cosmetics it most commonly appears as a seed extract under the INCI name Foeniculum Vulgare Seed Extract, typically a solvent extract (e.g., glycerin/water) incorporated into fluid formulations. Its aromatic composition may include naturally occurring constituents such as estragole, so different preparations can differ noticeably in organoleptic character. In practice it is found in capsules, herbal infusions, drops, and in skincare products where the extract is used at low concentrations. As a botanical ingredient, quality is closely linked to origin, the plant part used, and control of naturally occurring essential-oil constituents.
Naturally produced pineal hormone; regulates the sleep–wake cycle.
Approved claims
L-theanine is a non‑proteinogenic amino acid, chemically described as N(5)-ethyl‑L‑glutamine, occurring naturally mainly in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and in some mushrooms. In supplements it is typically used as purified L‑theanine in powder or capsule form, obtained either from tea extraction or via fermentation/biotechnological production. On labels it may also appear simply as “theanine”, with the L‑form being the most commonly used in finished products. As a water‑soluble ingredient, it blends well into drink mixes, stick packs and soluble powders. In cosmetics it is less common but may be included as a conditioning component in water‑based formulas, generally at low concentrations and alongside humectants and other amino acids.
Approved claims
Naturally occurring compound that supports physical performance during high-intensity exercise.
D-mannose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) in the aldohexose family and a structural isomer of glucose, occurring naturally in some plants and also in the body as part of carbohydrate structures attached to proteins. In food supplements it is typically used as purified D-mannose supplied as a powder, capsules, or sachets, where it serves as a source of this specific sugar. Chemically it has the formula C6H12O6 and can exist in different ring forms in aqueous solution (e.g., mannopyranose). In cosmetics it may appear on the INCI list as MANNOSE and is used as a humectant, meaning a water-binding ingredient within the formula. You will see it in products such as creams, serums, or masks, usually at low percentages as part of a broader sugar-based moisturizing complex.
Passionflower commonly refers to Passiflora incarnata L., a climbing plant in the Passifloraceae family; in supplements the aerial parts (herb) are most often used. On labels it may appear as dried cut-and-sifted herb, powdered herb, dry extract, or as a tincture/fluid extract, frequently prepared with water–ethanol mixtures and expressed with an extract ratio (e.g., DER) or as dried-herb equivalent. Extract composition varies with plant part and extraction method, so products may be standardized according to manufacturer specifications. In cosmetics it is used as a botanical extract under its INCI naming, typically supplied in aqueous or hydro-glycolic media for face, body, and hair formulas. It can also be encountered as fruit extract or flower extract depending on the intended profile and the declared INCI. In finished products it is commonly presented as capsules, tablets, tea blends, or dropper liquids for oral use, and as an ingredient in creams, serums, and shampoos.