Results for “Collagen”

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan, meaning a long polysaccharide built from repeating disaccharide units, naturally present in connective tissues and especially in cartilage. In food supplements it is most commonly listed as “chondroitin sulfate” or as a sodium salt, supplied as capsules, tablets, powders, or sachets. Traditional raw-material sources include bovine, porcine, avian, and cartilaginous fish cartilage, while some products use chondroitin sulfate made via microbial fermentation followed by sulfation. Composition and molecular weight can vary with the source and purification process, so labels often specify the form and origin. In cosmetics it may appear as a skin-conditioning/humectant ingredient in topical formulas, typically using water-soluble derivatives and low concentrations suited to leave-on or rinse-off products.

Choline is a water-soluble organic compound often grouped with the B-complex family, occurring naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and legumes, and also present in the body as part of phospholipids. In supplements it is used as choline bitartrate, choline chloride, alpha-GPC (L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine) or citicoline (CDP-choline), and also via lecithin as a source of phosphatidylcholine. On labels it may also appear as “total choline” calculated from these sources. In cosmetics, choline derivatives and phospholipids can be used in formulas as components of liposomal delivery systems or within conditioning blends, typically in leave-on or rinse-off products. Choline is commonly presented in capsules, tablets, powders or liquids, often combined with phospholipids or other lipid-matrix ingredients. Composition and concentration depend on the chemical form and on how the raw material is standardised.

Hyaluronic acid is a high–molecular weight polysaccharide (a glycosaminoglycan) that occurs naturally in connective tissues and body fluids. In cosmetic products it is very often present as the more water‑soluble salt Sodium Hyaluronate, and also as modified forms such as Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid or Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate, selected for molecular weight and skin feel. The raw material is commonly obtained via biotechnological fermentation and supplied as a powder or as an aqueous solution for easy incorporation into formulas. In skincare it is used in serums, creams, masks and eye products, where it contributes to texture and a smooth application sensorial. In food supplements it may appear as hyaluronan or sodium hyaluronate, typically in capsules or tablets, frequently alongside other structural ingredients. Modern formulations often combine multiple molecular weights or crosslinked derivatives (crosspolymers) to fine‑tune viscosity and product stability.

Naturally occurring compound that supports physical performance during high-intensity exercise.

Trace mineral required for immunity, connective tissue, and pigmentation.

Glucosamine is an amino sugar (aminomonosaccharide) that occurs naturally in the body as a building block within certain connective-tissue structures. In food supplements it is most commonly used as glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine hydrochloride, often stabilised as a salt with sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and presented as tablets, capsules, powders, or sachets. The raw material may be sourced from marine materials (e.g., crustacean shells) or produced via microbial fermentation, depending on the manufacturer and purity specifications. On labels it may also appear as “glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride” or “glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride”, which describe stabilised sulfate forms. In cosmetics, glucosamine-related derivatives may be used as functional ingredients in water-based formulas, while supplements typically focus on oral dose forms. Products frequently combine it with other ingredients from the same category, such as chondroitin, and declare the amount either as the salt form or as a glucosamine equivalent.

Antioxidant trace mineral; supports bones and connective tissue.