Results for “Swisse”

Vitamin C

Coenzyme Q10 is a lipophilic benzoquinone (ubiquinone-10) that occurs naturally in human cells and in many foods in small amounts. In food supplements it is typically provided as ubiquinone (the oxidised form) or ubiquinol (the reduced form), commonly dispersed in oils or microencapsulated for softgels, capsules or powders. In cosmetics it is most often declared under the INCI name “Ubiquinone” and is used in emulsions such as face creams, eye-area products, serums and body lotions. As a fat-soluble molecule, it is usually formulated into the oil phase and paired with other formula antioxidants to support stability. On labels it may also appear as “ubidecarenone”, a naming variant used in some markets for the same substance. Cosmetic- and supplement-grade material may be produced by fermentation or synthesis and then standardised for purity.

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a perennial herb; in products the dried root and rhizome are most commonly used and may appear on labels as “valerian root” or Valerianae radix. The plant material is typically processed as root powder, a dry extract, or a hydroalcoholic extract, and it may be standardised to characteristic constituents such as valerenic acids. In food supplements it is commonly presented in capsules, tablets, or liquid drops, either alone or blended with other botanical extracts. In cosmetics it can appear as a botanical ingredient or fragrance-related component, with INCI names such as Valeriana Officinalis Rhizome/Root Extract. The botanical species and plant part matter, because the name “valerian” is sometimes used more loosely for other Valeriana species.

Milk thistle is the plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., best known for its fruits/seeds, which are used to obtain botanical extracts containing a characteristic group of constituents referred to as silymarin (a complex of flavonolignans). In food supplements it is typically used as a seed/fruit extract, often standardised to a declared percentage of silymarin, and presented as capsules, tablets, powders or liquid drops. In cosmetics it may appear as a Silybum marianum extract in aqueous or glycerinic media, or as a lipid-linked derivative/ester designed for oil-based systems. On cosmetic ingredient lists it is usually named using INCI, such as Silybum Marianum Extract or Silybum Marianum Fruit Extract. Extract composition can vary with plant part, extraction method and degree of standardisation, so products carrying the same botanical name are not necessarily comparable. In finished products, milk thistle may be used alone or alongside other botanical extracts and common formulation antioxidants.

Cranberry is the fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon (Ericaceae), a tart red berry used as a food and as a raw material for supplements. In products it appears as dried fruit powder, juice concentrate, or fruit extract, often standardised for polyphenols, especially proanthocyanidins (PACs), with A‑type PACs frequently highlighted. Its natural composition also includes anthocyanins, flavonols and organic acids, while the levels of these constituents vary with cultivar and processing. Cranberry is most commonly presented in capsules, tablets, drink powders and liquid formats; in cosmetics it may be used as a fruit extract or as a plant-derived aromatic component in formulations.

Salicylic acid is an aromatic organic acid (2‑hydroxybenzoic acid) that occurs naturally in some plants and is widely used as a functional cosmetic ingredient. In formulations it appears as a crystalline powder and is typically incorporated via suitable phases/solvent systems, used either as the free acid or as salicylate salts (e.g., sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, TEA‑salicylate). In skincare it is found in both leave‑on and rinse‑off products such as gels, serums, toners, creams, and cleansers, where the level is commonly expressed as “acid” (salicylic‑acid equivalent). In haircare it can be present in shampoos and scalp products. In some formulations it may also be used as a preservative, under specific regulatory conditions. pH selection and solubilisation strategy are part of the formulation design to keep the ingredient stable and compatible with other components.